Revista Alcance. Volumen 7, Número 2.Julio – diciembre 2024, e-ISSN 2960-8244email: revista.alcance@unesum.edu.ec1 |FINANCIALEDUCATIONASASUPPORTFORENTREPRENEURSHIPINTECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTSLAEDUCACIÓNFINANCIERACOMOAPOYOALAINICIATIVAEMPRESARIAL DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE BACHILLERATO TÉCNICOFreddy Vera Mendoza1https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9819-5327Walter Enrique Jalca Moreira2https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6686-8686Verónica Isabel Pincay Reyes3https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3724-8269Jennifer Valeria Macías Solórzano4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-89301Docente de la Unidad Educativa Unidad Educativa Velazco Ibarra. Docente UnidadEducativa Cristo Rey. Portoviejo. Manabí. Ecuador. E-mailFreddyvera2016@gmail.com2Docente de la Unidad Educativa Quince de Octubre. Jipijapa. 130650. Manabí. Ecuador.E-mailwaljmo@hotmail.com3Docente de la Unidad Educativa Dr. Edmundo Carbo. Jipijapa. 130650. Manabí. Ecuador.E-mailverito123451@live.com4Docente Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí. Docente de la Unidad Educativa ManuelInocencio Parrales I Guale. Jipijapa. 130650. Manabí. Ecuador. E-mailvalupretty20@hotmail.comRecibido:18-08-2024Aprobado:06-09-2024Publicado:18-11-2024
Revista Alcance. Volumen 7, Número 2.Julio – diciembre 2024, e-ISSN 2960-8244email: revista.alcance@unesum.edu.ec2 |ABSTRACTEducational programs in the field of finance and entrepreneurship as an early careerboost are a goal in the Ecuadorian educational system, therefore the objective ofthis researchwas to analyze the impact of financial education on entrepreneurship of young high schoolgraduates at an early age. age sustainably. To analyze the research problem, a prior study ofthe educational, economic and social context of current educational programs was carriedout. For this purpose, a documentary-bibliographic review of works related to the topic wascarried out, with which the theoretical content was substantiated and contrasted. The researchhad a qualitative approach.It was concluded that the main difficulties in guaranteeing thesustainability of ventures are an inadequate financial culture, as well as the lack of innovationin educational establishments that allows competitiveness in local markets.Keywords:Innovation; entrepreneurship; educational contextRESUMENLos programas educativos en el ámbito de las finanzas y el emprendimiento comoimpulso laboral temprano, son una meta en el sistema educativo ecuatoriano, por ello elobjetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el impacto de la educación financiera para elemprendimiento de jóvenes bachilleres a una temprana edad de manera sostenible. Para elanálisis de la problemática de la investigación se realizó un estudio previo del contextoeducativo, económico y social de los programas educativos actuales. Para este efecto, serealizó una revisión documental-bibliográfica de trabajos relacionados con la temática, conlo cual se fundamentó y contrastó el contenido teórico. La investigación tuvo un enfoquecualitativo. Se concluyó que las principales dificultades para garantizar la sostenibilidad delos emprendimientos es una inadecuada cultura financiera, así como la falta innovación enlos planteles educativos que permita competitividad en los mercados locales.Palabrasclaves:Innovación; emprendimiento; contexto educativo
Revista Alcance. Volumen 7, Número 2.Julio – diciembre 2024, e-ISSN 2960-8244email: revista.alcance@unesum.edu.ec3 |INTRODUCTIONFinancial education is a fundamental pillar for people to obtain the maximum benefitfrom the financial products and services offered by the national financial system and,consequently, the national financial inclusionpolicy and the National Financial EducationStrategy are closely related, reinforcing each other. mutually (Inter-American DevelopmentBank, 2020) (MINEDUC, 2022). Therefore, it is pertinent to have mechanisms that promotefinancial inclusion and that thisis framed by current educational bases.According to (North et al., 2019), finance constitutes an economic discipline thatfocuses on money management. In the field of business finance, organizations give value tomoney through the efficient use of their resources. In the case of public finances, we analyzehow fiscal and monetary policies optimize tax collection for reinvestment. Regardingpersonal finances, families calculate their income and determine how much prudence theyneed to pay for theend-of-the-yearvacations. Despite this, it is important to highlight thatfinances are not universal nor do they follow an exact pattern, since they are closely linkedto cultural values.In Latin America, Ecuador has the highest rate of entrepreneurial activity, as revealedby a report that the ESPAE Graduate School of Management of ESPOL presented as part ofthe Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project in 2015, in a global report that measuresentrepreneurship. The GEM data indicate on a regional scale that Ecuador is in first place forentrepreneurship, followed by countries such as Chile with 25.9%, Colombia with 22.7%,and Peru with an entrepreneurial rate of 22.2%. (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2016)In the countrydifferent programs encourageand finance entrepreneurship as a micro-business management model, however, many of these businesses do not have continuity,development, sustainability or long-term economic sustainability, which leads to a researchproblem aimed at the factors that influence or limit local entrepreneurship. Given this,someinvestigations willbe addressed during the research process, as indicated by (AnchundiaBaque and Barrezueta Ayala, 2017) as job opportunities have closed the doors to a countlessnumber of inhabitants, what is entrepreneurship is born. which provides a means of entry intoa highly competitivelabourmarket.With the participation of the leaders of the Ministry of Education, the Secretariat ofHigher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (SENESCYT) and the Council ofHigher Education (CES), an Intersectoral Agreement was signed on November 20 toimplement the Financial Education in the Educational System, with the support of the privateand public sectors. This agreement provides the opportunity for students to acquire importantlife skills, especially in financial literacy and entrepreneurship, which are increasingly crucialin globalized societies. Among the strengthened competencies are adaptability, effectivecommunication, creativity, autonomousproblem-solving, emotional management, socialinteraction and teamwork.(MINEDUC, 2022)The Ecuadorian educational system, in its commitment to generating opportunities foryoung entrepreneurs, has developed the subject of entrepreneurship and management within
Revista Alcance. Volumen 7, Número 2.Julio – diciembre 2024, e-ISSN 2960-8244email: revista.alcance@unesum.edu.ec4 |the national curriculum (emprendimiento.ec, 2021), trying to boost the resources that acertain community has with the human value of preparation and development of skills andabilities for entrepreneurship and innovation from schooling. It refers to the additional effortthat a person makes to achieve their goal; the term is also used for the person who starts anew project or business (Dorf, 2013). In Ecuador, poverty, unemployment, and inequalityare problems that Ecuadorians face daily. For this reason,other survival options were sought,such as the creation of new sustainable ventures that improve the economic situation,generate new jobs, and contribute to the country's economy (Paredes, 2017).TheincorporationofthesubjectofEntrepreneurshipandManagementintheeducational curriculum of the Unified General Baccalaureate of Ecuador responds to thenational guidelines established by the current Legal Regulations, whichseekto prepare thestudentswilling to create, build, innovate, take risks, plan, execute and evaluate projects ofall kinds. (Ecuador, 2017). This initiative responds to the social needs of generatingemployment opportunities taking into consideration existing natural resources that contributeto strengthening the local economy.The present research aims to diagnose the development of entrepreneurship and itssustainability in the international market based on adequate financial education, through anepistemological study in which designs are implemented in the labour market and from theeducational sector for the country's economic development. This work arises from the needto develop an appropriate methodology for the learning, design, development and executionof projects that allow young people to enter the world of work and under the conditions ofglobal competitiveness.Ineducationalinstitutions,itisevidentthatdespitetheintegrationoftheentrepreneurship subject as the basis of the educational system, where the aim is to instill inthe student a financial and entrepreneurship culture, these high school graduatescannotmanage and organize businesses that allow them to consolidate a commercial projection, onthe contrary, they focus on following that traditional pattern of behaviour that involves loansand businesses without market studies and with a total lack ofadministrative structures andfinancing methods for the management of capital. sustainable way; and define this as the wayto decide what they will do in the future.METHODSFor the research to have a relationship between the proposed objectives andtheproblem statement, the historical-logical method was used, where the diagnosis was carriedout and the antecedents that expanded the research framework of the entrepreneurshipmanagement process used in the first were evaluated. year of high school according to thecurricular plan of the Ministry of Education.To determine the impact that is generated as a result of the interaction betweenapplication of new knowledge, different online classes developed on the Teams platform(platform proposed by the MINEDUC) were observed, as well as interviews with teachersfrom the subject.
Revista Alcance. Volumen 7, Número 2.Julio – diciembre 2024, e-ISSN 2960-8244email: revista.alcance@unesum.edu.ec5 |Through the analysis and synthesis method, the bibliography and sources related tothe topic are analyzed, as well as the induction-deduction method that allows for establishingthe contextual model for the development of entrepreneurship management. In the logicalhistoricalmethodintheanalysisofthechronologicalprocessofdevelopmentandimplementation of Entrepreneurship Management as a subject in the Ecuadorian educationalsector, as well as the background that frames the importance and efficiencyat a global level.RESULTSThe social, urban and, above all, economic development in developed countries hasbeen based on their capacity for entrepreneurship in different areas. This has generated large-scale opportunities since; by opening new jobs, the living conditions of its inhabitants haveimproved. They become more sophisticated, comfortable and bearable, especially in the faceof critical situations in which underdeveloped countries live.Before the 1990s, entrepreneurship was thought to be primarily restricted to domesticsettings. More recently, it has become evident that ventures can be internationally active andsuccessful (Presutti, 2017). As indicated, entrepreneurship was conceived as an extra-domestic activity that allowed certain members of the household to develop activities in theirleisure time to obtain some additional good or remuneration. This mode of entrepreneurshipcould be considered as an empirical and entertainment activity, in which a good or servicewas offered, sold or exchanged.This type of practices has been developed many years ago and in different countries andsocieties,givingrisetoinnovativeideasthatallowedthedevelopmentofinformalcommercial activities and that in some cases resulted in a way of life and financialsustainability (Vecchio, 2013). In this way, the first patterns of unplanned entrepreneurshiparose, without a business plan and with acceptable profitability.The well-known industrial development in first world countries has been the result ofinvestment, entrepreneurship and innovation programs accompanied by efficient financialeducation as part of projects that have sustained their sustainability in the preparation ofhuman talent as added value, both to design, management, produce, distribute and promotesmall and large-scale production, satisfying consumer needs and generating employment andinvestment opportunities.Despite what is known internationally about successful entrepreneurship models, inEcuador there is a deep-rooted conformist culture in which entrepreneurs and micro-entrepreneurs reject processes of change and innovation due to factors such as fear of failureand change, sentimental attachment to real estate or simple conformity to obtain what isnecessary for a simple lifestyle.In Ecuador, there are programs that promote entrepreneurship through the applicationof viable and sustainable projects that require capital to start their operation (De Bono, 2019)(Presutti, 2017). This is an information and data management platform forthe Ecuadorianentrepreneurship ecosystem, which is connected to the Trueque Emprende APP, to obtain
Revista Alcance. Volumen 7, Número 2.Julio – diciembre 2024, e-ISSN 2960-8244email: revista.alcance@unesum.edu.ec6 |data such as: geolocation, mapping, monitoring, interactions and tracking of actors in theecosystem.DISCUSSIONThe inclusion of financial culture in the educational field is a crucial aspect thatindicates the progress, need and opportunities of countries. Financial education is of greatimportance both for nations with extensive experience that serve as models andfor those thatare in the process of preparation and implementation. Based on World Bank data firstpublished in 2011, it provides growth indicators and comparisonsofthe actions people takearound the worldregardingsaving, borrowing, payments and risk management (CEF, 2018).The challenge of the Ministry of Education is to place entrepreneurship as afundamental part in the development of the student, changing traditional paradigms andinstilling in them to be versatile and versatile people that allows them to be autonomous andable to adapt to the environment that surrounds them and commit to the social and economicdevelopment of its environment by creating enterprises that are competitive, that aremaintained and positioned in the market, making the context a primary aspectin theinvestigation of this problem, which is why this article aims to analyze innovation strategiesthat promote Sustainable entrepreneurship in high school students.InEcuador starting in 2015 the entrepreneurship and management subject wasimplemented, the purpose of which was to prepare autonomous high school graduates withnew ideas and a consolidated entrepreneurial spirit, however, the results are not encouragingsince the rate of entrepreneurs is one of the lowest in Latin America, and when it comes tocommercialsustainability,manystructuraldeficienciesaffectyoungentrepreneurs,especiallyhighschoolgraduateswholackexperienceandinnovativeandefficientknowledge.The entrepreneur is that individual who identifies, evaluates and takes advantage oflucrative opportunities, considering the risk, being attentive to opportunities and the need forinnovation (Venkataraman, 2017). The results obtained during the researchwith high schoolstudents show optimism on the part of educational actors in the creation of strategies thatpromote entrepreneurship and knowledge with the related area, through innovative projects.These projects are developed in an organized, systematized manner and with constantevaluation in the proposed stages,to ensurethe sustainability of each initiative.The research work of (Pulido, 2015) is considered, which states: entrepreneurship isa way of thinking and acting oriented towards the creation of wealth. It is a way of thinking,reasoning and acting focused on opportunities, presented with a global vision and carried outthrough balanced leadership and the management of calculated risk, its result is the creationof value that benefits the company, economy and society‖; This concept goes hand in handwith innovation, which not only talks about technological aspects, it is about changing anenvironment; In other words, we seek to set objectives and work diligently to achieve themfor the benefit of our society.
Revista Alcance. Volumen 7, Número 2.Julio – diciembre 2024, e-ISSN 2960-8244email: revista.alcance@unesum.edu.ec7 |In 2021, (Alberto Mogrovejo, 2021) in his thesis stated entrepreneurship as a dynamicstrategy in Latin American economies has been going on since the 90s, Ecuador is one of thepioneers, although, with several problems due to the difficulties that new businesses have inbeing sustainable, the objective is to determine the importance of entrepreneurship to achieveindependence and economic stability. The high levels of unemployment, and the low qualityof the existing ones, have created the need to generateits own resources. The State must trainentrepreneurs by facilitating knowledge of the different stages, in addition; to the bankinginvestment contribution in a better way; The research method is a bibliographic review basedon the technical reports of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) (2018). Theconclusion is that the Government should create laws that encourage greater participation bybanks in microcredit; and, coordinate the monitoring of these new business initiatives.Taking into account the importance of promoting a change of mentality in universitystudents, both authorities and parents consider it crucial to motivate and guide young peopletowards innovation from the high school stage. For (Rauch et al., 2019) this fosters proactiveenvironments that facilitate the analysis of the student's immediate environment to addressand resolve present challenges.CONCLUSIONFrom an educational point of view, entrepreneurship and business productivemanagement must be taken as aneed of the individual for their academic training,professional development and insertion into the world of work and be true entities of progressand generators of opportunities and social growth. With this premise,it is stated that the beststrategy to combat poverty, unemployment, crime, corruption and underdevelopment ingeneral is education. Governments are obliged to prepare young entrepreneurs, generators oftheir own progress, with an innovative spirit and withthesufficient cognitive capacity to facenew challenges that lead to social economic development.BIBLIOGRAFÍA2u, inc. (2017).teach make a diference. http//teach.comalberto mogrovejo, e. v. (2021). emprendimiento e innovación en ecuador; una alternativacon propuestas. cotopaxi, ecuador: revista de ciencias administrativas y económicas.anchundia baque, m., & barrezueta ayala, a. (2017).propuesta de asesoría en gestión deemprendimientos en el cantón duran.guayaquil: universidad de guayaquil.ardichvili, a., cardozo, r., & ray, s.(2003). a theory of entrepreneurial opportunityidentification and development. journal of business venturing.banco interamericano de desarrollo. (2020). escalando la nueva educación. innovacionesinspiradoras masivas en américa latina. washington.
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